• Enhancing the understanding of clinically meaningful results: A clinical research perspective 

      Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Øien, Roald A; Volkmar, Fred R.; Shic, Frederick; Cicchetti, Domenic V. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-31)
      Published research often address aspects related to “statistical significance” but fail to address the clinical and practical importance and meaning of results. Our main objectives in this article are to investigate the merit of common measures of Effect Size in statistical research and to highlight the importance of the simple Relative Risk ratio. In this article we present data where we consider ...
    • Functional Outcomes of Children Identified Early in the Developmental Period as at Risk for ASD Utilizing the The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) 

      Stenberg, Nina; Schjølberg, Synnve; Shic, Frederick; Volkmar, Fred R.; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Svendsen, Britt Kveim; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Thronæs, Nina Torheim; Macari, Suzanne; Cicchetti, Domenic V.; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Suren, Pål; Øien, Roald A (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-18)
      Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is regarded as crucial for swift access to early intervention and, subsequently, better outcomes later in life. However, current instruments miss large proportions of children who later go on to be diagnosed with ASD, raising a question of what these instruments measure. The present study utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child ...
    • Parent-Endorsed Sex Differences in Toddlers with and Without ASD: Utilizing the M-CHAT 

      Øien, Roald A; Hart, Logan; Schjølberg, Synnve; Wall, Carla A.; Kim, Elizabeth S.; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Eisemann, Martin; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Volkmar, Fred R.; Shic, Frederick (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-18)
      Sex differences in typical development can provide context for understanding ASD. It has been suggested that ASD could be considered an extreme expression of normal male, compared to female, phenotypic profiles. In this paper, sex-specific M-CHAT scores from N=53,728 18-month old toddlers, including n=185 (32 females) receiving an ASD diagnosis, were examined. Results suggest a nuanced view of the ...
    • Sex-Differences in Children Referred for Assessment: An Exploratory Analysis of the Autism Mental Status Exam (AMSE) 

      Øien, Roald A; Vambheim, Sara Magelssen; Hart, Logan; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Erickson, Craig; Wink, Logan; Eisemann, Martin; Shic, Frederick; Volkmar, Fred R.; Grodberg, David (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-08)
      The autism mental status exam is an eight-item observational assessment that structures the way we observe and document signs and symptoms of ASD. Investigations of test performance indicate strong sensitivity and specificity using gold-standard assessment as reference standard. This study aims to explore potential sex differences in AMSE test performance and observations of 123 children referred ...
    • Virtual and augmented reality in social skills interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review 

      Dechsling, Anders; Orm, Stian; Kalandadze, Tamara; Sütterlin, Stefan; Øien, Roald A; Shic, Frederick; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-16)
      In the last decade, there has been an increase in publications on technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Virtual reality based assessments and intervention tools are promising and have shown to be acceptable amongst individuals with ASD. This scoping review reports on 49 studies utilizing virtual reality and augmented reality technology in social skills interventions for ...
    • Virtual reality and naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder 

      Dechsling, Anders; Shic, Frederick; Zhang, Dajie; Marschik, Peter B.; Esposito, Gianluca; Orm, Stian; Sütterlin, Stefan; Kalandadze, Tamara; Øien, Roald A; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders Johan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-03)
      <p>Background: Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI) have been evaluated as the most promising interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. In recent years, a growing body of literature suggests that technological advancements such as Virtual Reality (VR) are promising intervention tools. However, to the best of our knowledge no studies have combined evidence-based ...
    • What are we optimizing for in autism screening? Examination of algorithmic changes in the M‐CHAT 

      Schjølberg, Synnve; Shic, Frederick; Volkmar, Fred R.; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Stenberg, Nina; Torske, Tonje; Larsen, Kenneth; Riley, Katherine; Sukhodolsky, Denis G.; Leckman, James F.; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Øien, Roald A (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-26)
      The present study objectives were to examine the performance of the new M-CHAT-R algorithm to the original M-CHAT algorithm. The main purpose was to examine if the algorithmic changes increase identification of children later diagnosed with ASD, and to examine if there is a trade-off when changing algorithms. We included 54,463 screened cases from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. ...